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Following the surface stain, cells were fixed and permeabilized using BD Cytofix/Cytoperm™ solution and then stained for intracellular TNF (MP6-XT22 from BD Pharmingen) and CD4 as described previously [8].
The composition of the surface stain and why its loss or break up is associated with lesion progression have not been established.
The effect of arbitrary three-dimensional external loading is found to be characterized by a single two-dimensional parameter – a surface stain field of the substrate.
In order to eliminate or reduce the damage produced by these patches, suitable cleaning procedures are required that would assure the removal of the surface stain without being too aggressive towards the underneath stone components that, in the case of marble and limestone, are mostly calcite and dolomite (calcium carbonate and calcium and magnesium carbonate respectively).
The histograms show the cell number vs the intensity of surface stain for the chimera in the GFP-positive (transfected) cells.
After surface stain with anti-CD8 (eBiosciences), cells were fixed with 2% formalin and permeabilized with PBS containing 1% FCS and 0.1% saponin, and stained with anti-IL-2, anti-TNF α or anti-IFN γ (eBiosciences) antibodies for 30 min at 4 °C.
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A separate set of samples for analysis of GR binding capacity was surface stained as described above but not permeabilized.
Surface staining was performed for DC-SIGN, in some of the experiments surface staining of CD3 or CD28 was also included.
Intracellular staining was performed after cell surface staining as previously described [65].
In addition, the cells nearest the surface stained intensely for involucrin.
Of the 36 potential anti-LAP/TGF-β candidate clones, 31 clones surface stained Foxp3+ cells.
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