Electron microscopy has revealed KT as a trilaminar structure: the inner KT, situated most proximal to the centromeric chromatin, the outer KT that provides the binding surface for spindle MTs, and a central linker region (Cheeseman and Desai, 2008).
Highly sulfated HS was located in the border zone between denser areas and more normal looking alveolar parenchyma in basement membranes of blood vessels and airways, that were immuno-positive for perlecan, as well as on the cell surface of spindle-shaped cells in the alveolar interstitium.
Liu, et al. [97], installed two FBG temperature sensors (position 1 and 3) and four thermal resistors (position 1, 2, 3, and 4) on the bearing support surface of the spindle (shown in Figure 19).
In wild-type cells, after the initial CEN3-MT interaction, CEN3 moved by sliding along a MT lateral surface toward a spindle pole [ 11].
Figure 1C (inset) shows a well-formed liquid tip in contact with a surface, with a spindle tip diameter of ≈200 μm.
We used the Surfaces module to calculate the size of the surface representing the spindle, keeping parameters applied to each image the same, and we then recorded the sum intensity of tubulin fluorescence from each surface.
In contrast, ES cells cultured on the E-cad-Fc-coated surface showed a spindle-like morphology, and were scattered with no evidence of cell-cell contact or colony formation, even in the presence of LIF (Figure 1D).
During prophase, the core doubles in length and width (Ueda et al., 1999), and at the prophase/prometaphase transition, this structure begins to split lengthwise down the middle to expose internal surfaces that nucleate spindle microtubules.
In agreement with the results in Figure 2, in ndc80Δ 490-510 and ndc80-7A mutant cells, CEN3 was captured by the lateral surface of a spindle-pole MT at 35°C with similar kinetics as wild-type cells; by contrast, subsequent sister CEN3 separation on the spindle proceeded more slowly compared with wild-type cells, indicative of a delay in sister CEN3 biorientation.
Chatter vibrations produced during turning of slender parts or boring with flexible tools lead to a wavy work surface, and reduce the spindle headstock life span as well.
