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Hf doping decreased the mobility of Al grain-boundary diffusion from the lower PO2 surface side to the higher PO2 surface side to half that of undoped samples, but did not influence oxygen diffusion through the grain boundaries.
(3) Of the total heat input, 45.2% was released as freezing energy from the surface side and 2.6% was released from the bottom.
Repetition of the aluminum wire feeding, the electrode positioning and the spark striking produced a coating layer consisting of sub-layers of TiAl3, TiAl and Ti3Al from the surface side to the substrate side.
According to the results it was found that: (1) There exists an easily magnetized layer near the SUL surface side and a hardly magnetized layer at the bottom side of the SUL.
The Ge diffusion coefficients were estimated by applying a linear diffusion equation to the fitting curves, and they indicated a rapid diffusion to the surface side rather than the interface side.
However, functionalized CNTs shows a degrading efficiency of 0.25% which can be attributed to degradation of corrugated tubular surface side walls leading to potential loss of their optoelectronic properties.
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Experiments designed to test the assumption that undisturbed flakes do not preferentially orient either surface side-up (dorsal or ventral) were performed.
Positive (subtractive) photoresist spray coating process was applied subsequent to the positive (subtractive) photolithography and selective etching and it enabled complete definition of surface, side-wall electrodes and interconnections.
Adhesion, cell ingrowth, proliferation, viability and cell death mechanisms were evaluated on the two pellicle surface sides.
When cultured under static conditions, bacterial cellulose pellicles, by the nature of the polymer synthesis that involves molecular oxygen, are characterized by two distinct surface sides.
Rather than allow flexibility in the surface side-chains and/or backbones of the two proteins, ZDOCK uses searches that permit the proteins to interact only as rigid-bodies [99].
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