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Agreement was assessed by comparing predicted and measured free surface rise.
Also, for cases 2 and 3, the pile settlements increase to 23.2 and 48.8% and the settlements of ground surface rise to 35.2 and 68.5%, at VL = 5%. 2.
It is found that the upwelling efficiency increases with the increase of the pipe diameter due to the reduction of the frictional loss, the kinetic energy and the power demand of the sea surface rise.
As a result, when VL = 3%, the pile settlement of case 1 is 49.2% bigger than in case 2 and 58.7% bigger than in case 3. The settlements of ground surface for case 1 increases 38% more than in case 2, and 82% more than in case 3. Also, the pile settlements increase by 23.2% for case 2 and 48.8% for case 3. Settlements of ground surface rise by 35.2% for case 2 and 68.5% for case 3 (VL = 5%).
Also, settlements of case 3 decreases by more than double compared to case 2. In numerical analysis, the pile settlements increase by 14.3% for case 2 and 19.6% for case 3. Settlements of ground surface rise by 1.9% for case 2 and 2.8% for case 3. The largest axial force is measured in segment 3 in both the model test and numerical analysis (Fig. 12).
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