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To measure temporal changes in monocytic/macrophage and neutrophilic TREM-1 and TREM-2 surface receptor levels in blood and BALF during VAP development and resolution.
Indeed, we found that AMPA stimulation provoked a decrease in surface receptor levels back down to those observed before the induction of LTP but not below this baseline.
Moreover, MSC display some similarities to normal and tumorigenic human breast epithelial cells with respect to the gene expression pattern [ 137] and some surface receptor levels [ 138, 139].
In the absence of ligand-induced receptor degradation mechanisms, it becomes much more important to precisely control cell surface receptor levels.
In addition, IL-10 stimulates cell surface expression of TNFR2 on RA synovial fluid macrophages, and it enhances the TNF-α effect on IL-1β production by monocytes by increasing surface receptor levels [ 20].
We found that within the time frame of our SPT experiments (30 min), SPE-7 IgE did not induce any significant changes in surface receptor levels, and no change was observed until 1.5 h after addition.
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TNFR2 expression appeared reduced within 1 h at the cell surface receptor level and was regained to baseline by 6 h after flagellin treatment (Fig. 4 A ). SOCS3 overexpression may delay TNFR2 return to baseline levels, but expression appeared equivalent to that of control cells 12 h following treatment.
Cells were then allowed to recover in culture media for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72 or 96 h (37°C) and cell surface receptors levels were measured with [H]granisetron.
Surface receptor expression levels were determined by FACS analysis using saturating amounts of primary antibodies (15 µg/ml anti-CXCR4 (12G5) and anti-CXCR7 (9C4)) and secondary antibodies (10 µg/ml Alexa Fluor 488-F ab' 2 488-F ab' 2ouse Igoat
These five cell lines were simultaneously analyzed for reporter and endogenous Axl surface receptor protein levels by multicolor flow cytometry.
All effects of IFN are mediated by its cell surface receptor, whose levels are regulated by phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of the IFNAR1 chain.
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