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All samples showed an island-like agglomeration on the surface of the top SiON layer.
Averaged stress at the top surface of the top block versus applied displacement is shown in Fig. 12.
However, the surface of the top IZO layer is fairly smooth and featureless without defect crack pinholes, cracks, and protrusion.
In contrast to the smooth surface of the top CNT layer, the surface of the bottom layer shows hierarchical structures.
Afterwards, the increase of the general amount of CdS significantly slowed down, although the surface of the top of NTAs was still continuously covered by CdS.
An increase of the SiON thickness from 70 to 130 nm resulted in a rough surface of the top SiON layer.
Similar(29)
The flat surface on the top of your foot, not on your toes.
Surfaces of the top (first) and internal (second) filter were analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (Quanta 450, FEI, USA).
Due to the smoother surfaces of the top and bottom of the microchannel, bubble inception or cavitation was observed only on the channel sidewalls but not on the top or bottom surfaces.
The residual stress change from the bottom surface to the top surface of the nickel film is −97.7 MPa.
To avoid this, we first determined the optimal thickness of the Au layer (∼20 nm). Figure 2a shows the surface morphology of the top surface of such a Au film.
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