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The respiratory system consists of air-filled tubes or tracheae, which open at the surface of the thorax and abdomen through paired spiracles.
A set of dorsal longitudinal muscles compress the thorax from front to back, causing the dorsal surface of the thorax (notum) to bow upward, making the wings flip down.
Hemolymph collection was done by piercing the dorsal surface of the thorax with a pin and collecting the hemolymph with capillary tubes.
Small RFID tags (mic3®-TAG 64 bit RO, iID2000, 13.56 MHz system, 1.0×1.6×0.5 mm; Microsensys GmbH, Erfurt, Germany) were glued to the dorsal surface of the thorax of 64 foragers.
Prior to the first test at two days, each cricket was marked using a unique combination of colored dots of correction fluid placed on the dorsal surface of the thorax.
In the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), for example, diverticulae of the clavicular air sac exit the thoracic cavity dorsally and extend under the skin to reach the entire ventral surface of the thorax [61].
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Ambient temperature, body temperature and abdominal surface temperature were factors influencing the skin surface temperature of the thorax.
Multiple regression analysis revealed a variety of external and internal factors influencing the diagnostic command variables absolute surface temperatures of the thorax as well as skin surface temperature differences between thoracal and abdominal region (Tables 2 and 3).
We also describe several pneumatized gastralia ("stomach ribs"), which suggest that diverticulae of the air sac system were present in surface tissues of the thorax.
As hypothezised, mean absolute surface temperatures of the thorax were rising after aerosol challenge during the acute stage of infection (day 4), when highest values were recorded.
When a caterpillar feeds on a plant material the VEG is distended from its eversible position on the ventral surface of the caterpillar thorax and reaches the injured plant surface [ 32, 61].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com