The immunogenicity of dying cells is mediated by changes in the composition of the cell surface and the secretion of soluble molecules allowing the immune effectors, primarily dendritic cells (DCs), to sense immunogenicity [ 14].
Deposition of new bone on the implant surface involves the secretion of a complex ECM (scaffold) of proteins by osteoblasts, which subsequently undergoes mineralization [9].
Exposure of co-cultured macrophages to sub-cytotoxic doses of Ti or rutile particles did not modify the osteoblastic expression of surface RANKL or the secretion of OPG into the media.
We further analyzed whether blockade of cell surface GRP78 influenced the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by examining the level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the conditioned medium.
We found that treatment with the N-20 antibody significantly decreased MMP-2 content in the condition medium, indicating that blockade of cell surface GRP78 inhibited the secretion of MMP-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells).
The immunogenicity of the dying cancer cells involves subtle changes in their surface proteome and the secretion of soluble molecules known as Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) allowing their immunogenic recognition by immune effectors.
The surface expression and the secretion of HLA-G are restricted to a very limited number of normal tissues in which HLA-G molecules display important immuno-regulatory functions [55].
PPIs inactivate the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme at the secretory surface of the parietal cell, inhibiting the secretion of H+ ions and thereby increasing the pH of the gastric contents.
It is also possible, however, that they are related to the supply of surface proteins or to the secretion of extracellular matrix molecules.
In contrast, forced expression of the cell surface GRP78 promoted the secretion and activity of MMP-2.
The cuticle on both epidermal surfaces and the secretion of oil glands are also stained by Sudan red B. In the galls, reducing sugars are strongly stained by Fehling's reagent, forming a centripetal gradient of sugar accumulation from the outermost cell layers towards the inner cortex (Figs 6A and 8; Table 2).
