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The −OH groups on the surface of the materials react with the silane, and the surface becomes coated with a thin water-repellent film of (CH3 Si−O− groups.surface−OH + Cl−Si(CH3 3 → (surface−O−Si(CH3 3 + HCl Silanes are compounds of silicon and hydrogen.
This optical bistability tunes the luminescence of the fluorophores grafted on the surface of the materials.
The sensors applied at the surface of the materials are encapsulated in expanded PVC, and the thermal contact is ensured by a metallic washer.
The wide peak observed at wavelengths higher than 3000 cm−1 is usually attributed to the H2O molecules adsorbed on the surface of the materials.
The surface of the materials was sputter-coated with gold before being subjected to SEM in order to make them electroconductive.
The internal organs recognize hydrophobic materials as foreign through interaction between proteins and the hydrophilic surface of the materials [44, 45, 46, 47, 48].
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Tiny, nano-sized hairs are added to the surface of the material which stop liquids from being absorbed.
These get deposited on the surface of the material in a thin layer.
After being smeared on the surface of the material and allowed to soak into any tiny cracks, the liquid is wiped off, leaving readily visible cracks and flaws.
A.F. Santander-Syro's group at Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France, showed that there was a two-dimensional electron gas at the surface of the material SrTiO3.
Acoustic emission is a physical phenomenon that occurs within or on the surface of the material.
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