The inset shows the L-I curves (top) of the LEDs with and without GaOOH NRAs grown at different cathodic voltages of −1.8 and −2.2 V and the cross-sectional SEM image (bottom) of GaOOH NRAs grown on the ATO/ITO surface of the LED at −2 V.
The effect of ball milling as well as fine grinding in agate mortar on the microstructure and surface morphology of the lead oxide was studied.
Increased surface area of the lead tip in contact with soft tissue can result in reduced torque effects and a better cooling mechanism.
The move of the sun and the curve surface of the airship lead to the dramatic change of the incidence angle of solar radiation.
Immunoreactions between the antibodies immobilized on the accumulated particles and the CD33 present on the surface of the cells led to the formation of complexes comprising corresponding antigen-antibody pairs.
The formation of a carbonated hydroxyapatite (HCA) layer on the surface of the glass leads to bone bonding (Rezwan et al. 2006; Hench et al. 1971; Hench 1998, 1999).
QCM-D can be considered to be a nano-sensitive weighing device whereby the addition of mass to the surface of the chip leads to a change in the frequency (f) which is directly proportional to the mass [ 19].
The most widely used ligands are mono- or bifunctional thiols (e.g., ethanedithiol (EDT), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), or benzenedithiol (BDT)), which bind strongly to the surface of the (usually lead- or cadmium-terminated) quantum dots.
