To analyse the surface of the early eyes from the Lower Cambrian – not only of Leanchoilia, but of any other forms as well – the number, shape and other parameters of the lenses could lead to further knowledge regarding vision in early invertebrates.
In many animals the blastopore, an opening in the surface of the early embryo, tunnels through to form the gut.
While some animals develop the mouth and anus by deepening the blastopore, a "dent" in the surface of the early embryo, the blastopore of brachiopods closes up, and their mouth and anus develop from new openings.
Cells across the surface of the early C. elegans embryo move from the surface to the interior without discernible circum-apical bundles of actomyosin.
Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that, during early stages of the evolution, life was adapted to high temperatures that may have prevailed on the surface of the early Earth.
The cell surface of the early diverging prasinophytes is already covered by complex, acidic carbohydrates forming scales; however, these organisms still use an integrin-like receptor (Gralins) and filamin (complemented with α-actinin and possibly paxillin-like and ilk-like proteins in some early-branching taxa) to connect the ECM to the cytoskeleton.
In general, all these objects show a move away from the simple forms and plain surfaces of the earliest Maori art to more complex forms that are variegated with small areas of intensive bas-relief.
Bemporad and Mancuso (2011) concluded that the supercritical region occupies a larger surface of the shock early on but shrinks to the nose part of the shock as it travels away from the Sun.
In a microscopic worm called Caenorhabditis elegans, the outermost layer of epithelial cells (called the epidermis) forms over the surface of the embryo early on in embryonic development.
There is not known in much detail what markers are present on the surface cells of the early rat embryo stages, if they would be lacto-series of glycolipids (SSEA-1) as in mouse or globo-series of glycolipids (SSEA-3 and SSEA-4) as in humans.
