Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(1)
Exact(4)
The temperature of heterogeneous nucleation (nucleation beginning at the surface of foreign particles) depends on the nature of the particles, but it is generally several degrees below the freezing point.
Antigens include molecules found on invading microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and fungi, as well as molecules located on the surface of foreign substances, such as pollen, dust, or transplanted tissue.
Dausset correctly hypothesized that these antibody reactions were stimulated by certain antigens, located on the surface of foreign white blood cells, that were later called human leukocyte antigens (HLA).
In vertebrates, two archetypical opsonins – complement fragment C3bi which binds nonspecifically to the surface of foreign particles, and immunoglobulins (Igs) which attach to the target particle by recognizing specific surface epitopes – both have been extensively characterized [54].
Similar(55)
The complement system is a biochemical cascade that attacks the surfaces of foreign cells.
Moreover, organisms such as staphylococci, Candida spp. and some others produce a microbial biofilm that helps them to survive on the surfaces of foreign bodies in the bloodstream.
It was demonstrated that the SLH motifs of SpaA are sufficient for in vivo cell surface display of foreign proteins at the cell surface of P. alvei.
Live bacterial vaccine delivery vehicles are being developed through the surface display of foreign antigens on the bacterial surfaces.
Both full-length INP and a truncated variant lacking the central domain are able to facilitate the surface display of foreign proteins, indicating that the non-repetitive domains are required for targeting and anchoring to the cell surface.
Hence, through simple temperature variation, the surface migration of foreign atoms and clusters leads to formation of a variety of alloyed or pure terraces, alloyed islands and alloyed atomic stripes thus forming nanoscale surface patterns.
Surface display of foreign antigens, for example, the Tat protein, in the virosomal formulations would allow the generation of Tat-specific antibodies as well as the induction of cellular immunity.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com