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We introduce a new method for measuring the three-dimensional surface of a page using only a commodity scanner and without modifying the document in any way.
Tiny marks on the surface of a page indicated that someone had removed the facsimile of the Flaxman drawing originally tipped into the volume.
The idea came to him one day when he was looking through a book of El Greco paintings and saw the light catch the surface of a page at an odd angle, "changing a reproduction of a painting into a shimmering distortion...
He has [End Page 416] introduced whole new ways of looking at themes such as illuminated initials, artistic identity, and the conflict between the flat surface of a page and the representation of three-dimensional reality.
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A more complex model of the Linotron scans, on the screen of the output device, the surface of a whole page, composing as it goes all examples of the same letter in all the places where it occurs on the page.
He showed Gossage a copy of the 1952 edition which he had bought secondhand a few years ago as well as his reproduction, running his fingers over the surface of the page like a skater doing turns on ice.
However, the entire surface of the Folio could not be investigated by these detailed methods as the time for the investigation of the manuscript was limited, and the curved surface of the page required a manual adjustment of the instrument object distance that was not practical for larger scans.
Originally the ink-bearing surface for printing a page of text was assembled from individual types by a typesetter or compositor, letter by letter and line by line.
Ms. Williams has been investigating how to create a story with attention to the surface of the page and some of her literary descendants are creating texts while thinking about the constraints of the screen — Instagram's borders, Twitter's character count.
It was Empson who encouraged him to dive below the surface of the page.
Yet there are also passages that rise from the surface of the page to startle readers out of their complacency, and no critic is better than Wood at pointing them out.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com