Since the pixel density is much higher than the lipid density, this is initially sparse, however, we used a cubic interpolation routine (from SciPy) to construct an array that describes the topology of the surface of either leaflet.
With this in mind, we set out to test if the presence of phosphite on the surface of the leaflets had a direct effect on P. infestans infection by washing phosphite-treated leaves before infection.
Other findings included left ventricular dysfunction, a structurally normal mitral valve with a small vegetation on the atrial surface of the anterior leaflet, and mild mitral regurgitation.
In this particular case, thrombus formation was also observed on the surface of the valvular leaflet.
We can then conclude that the interaction of these peptides with the surface of the outside leaflet of the MOM can promote the formation of pores, probably of lipidic nature [50], [51], [63], [64], leading to cytochrome c leakage.
Mammalian phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1) is activated by the ubiquitous Gαq family of G proteins on the surface of the inner leaflet of plasma membrane where it catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate.
The membrane anchor is envisaged to float on the surface of the inner leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane, such that the hydrophobic residues are immersed in the hydrocarbon interior of the lipid membrane and the basic residues form electrostatic interactions with the polar head groups [79].
In contrast to a continuous endothelium over the surface of healthy valve leaflets, VEC disruption is commonly observed in malfunctioning valves and is associated with pathological processes that promote valve sclerosis and calcification.
The recognition of different types of apoptotic cells, including neutrophils, by macrophages is largely dependent on the appearance on the cell surface of an anionic phospholipid, PS, which is normally confined to the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane [ 98].
The recognition of apoptotic cells by macrophages is largely dependent on the appearance on the cell surface of an anionic phospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PS), which is normally confined to the cytosolic leaflet of plasma membrane [17], [18].
