The BldD CTD interacts with c-di-GMP using two contiguous surface motifs, herein called motif 1 and motif 2, which are located between the two β-α-α repeats.
Therefore, a number of surface motifs derived from the fracturing process are imaged, leading to an incomplete or deceptive picture of the structural features of the membrane, most particularly the fraction of voids in the membrane.
The sequence of the Tsx surface motifs that are the binding sites for phage T6 adhesin are located in the extracellular loops (Schneider et al. 1993; Ye and van den Berg 2004), but the sequence of these Tsx loops are not obviously conserved in the Yersinia OmpA sequence.
Recognition receptors (called pattern recognition receptors; PRR) detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (typically conserved cell-surface motifs), and signal this to modulating signalling receptors.
The sporulation-dependent spore cortex-lytic enzyme from B. thuringiensis YBT-1520, SceA, was expressed in vegetative cells and used as the surface anchoring motif.
A series of novel thiol-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors bearing 3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide scaffold as surface recognition motif was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their HDAC inhibition activity.
Amino acid sequence alignments between SiMA and related M family proteins, as expected, showed the highest degree of similarity in the C-terminus which includes the LPXTG Gram-positive surface anchor motif (Fig. 1B, S1) [32].
Analysis of ScpI also indicates conservation of the C-terminal LPXTN cell surface anchor motif (Fig. S2). S. iniae does not possess a typical GAS-like Mga locus arrangement containing M family protein and C5a peptidase genes, where these genes in GAS are located adjacently and downstream of the mga gene transcribed in the same direction [15].
A potential model of motif-binding pocket gain is that coevolution of the original binding partner(s) and the binding pocket optimises a surface for motif binding and, subsequently, additional peptides utilise the pocket to recruit the protein.
In the in-trans system, the protein of interest is fused with the target bacteria's surface anchoring motif (SAM), which is expressed and purified from a separate host cell before it is externally introduced to the bacterial cell wall.
