Sentence examples for surface lifetimes from inspiring English sources

As the surface recombination rate increases in front, the effective lifetime, which is a contribution of bulk and surface lifetimes, decreases for silicon NWs.

Steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) technique was employed to determine the surface lifetimes, average site activities (k), and surface concentrations (N) of each relevant species during the reactions (1) and (2), as described above, on La0.6Sr0.4MnAl11O19 and 0.9% Pd/La0.6Sr0.4MnAl11O19.

The Bi surface layer in this case would take more than the surface lifetime of a Bi atom to equilibrate, leading to a slower stabilisation of Bi incorporation.

Performance characteristics of the rock cutter, including cutting rate on several rock types, cutting surface lifetime, and cut rock surface finish are presented.

S1 is therefore probably grown under kinetically limited conditions with near-unity Bi incorporation [26], meaning that the Bi surface layer will equilibrate over a time frame less than the surface lifetime of a Bi atom at this temperature.

It is known that surface recombination lifetime is proportional to the rate of surface recombination and inversely proportional to the thickness of the sample [29, 32, 33].

The potential dependence of the surface emission lifetime and the peak position/spectral width are presented in Fig. 4b and d, respectively.

Correlations are established between the micro-discharge characteristics (surface density, lifetime and size) and the elaborated oxide layers (morphology, growth rate and surface roughness).

The surface recombination lifetime, τ s, which is strongly dependent on the surface recombination velocity, v s, can be approximated to d/4v s for the case of a hexagonal column of diameter d [24, 25].

However, although the orthopyroxene and plagioclase grains are part of one coherent assemblage now, it is possible that they did not exist cohesively during their entire surface exposure lifetime.

Finally, simulations of the fully optimized tandem structure show that a promising efficiency of η= 27.6% with the short-circuit current of JSC= 17.1mA/cm2 can be achieved with reasonable bulk and surface carrier lifetime.