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Furthermore, Eizenberg (1988) warns that sheer volume will discourage students from adopting deep, holistic approaches to learning, making deep learners become surface learners [ 9].
Newble and Entwistle (1986) believe that under such pressure, even deep learners, who usually come to terms with new information by understanding and making personal meaning of the experience, may become surface learners [ 3].
To this end, if assessment is largely in the form of multiple choice questions, testing volumes of factual knowledge, then even those students who are usually deep learners may be forced to become surface learners [ 3].
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We posit that such surfaces allow learners to show knowledge in a more embodied manner.
In response to these influences, students may become surface, deep or strategic learners [ 3, 7, 8] (Table 1).
Learners adopting surface approaches to learning may prefer site and preceptor characteristics that support their surface learning; instructors who follow those preferences may inadvertently undermine their own teaching!
Whether students become surface, deep or strategic learners while at university will depend on individual student qualities and conceptions of learning, which will be influenced by the type of motivation (intrinsic vs. extrinsic), the ambiance of the academic environment in which students find themselves and the curriculum they experience [ 3, 5, 10].
Students were classified as having disengaged, surface, deep, or dissonant Learner Profiles.
Student comments with regard to the reward system in the traditional Histology course are discussed in the light of the approaches to learning they might adopt in response to this incentive, taking into consideration the definitions of surface, strategic and deep learner [ 3, 8].
In doing so, learners move from the surface features of representations to the deeper conceptual structures and principles.
Giving direction was more valued by learners with higher scores on the Surface Rational and Surface Disorganized scales.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com