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This is because the Ru nn-distance can be differently changed by using different surface directions of the substrates.
Car lights are more effective in illuminating vertical surfaces, whereas road lighting is targeted to the illumination of roads on horizontal or road surface directions [6].
Sets of one-and two-dimensional orthogonal polynomials are constructed to represent the three dimensional variations in the longitudinal and lateral surface directions.
The first axis corresponds to depth in the data layer, with the second and the third axes corresponding to surface directions.
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But in vertical to substrate surface direction, the contrary is the case.
This is because the surface direction could not be readily defined on the surface of the spherical fluid particles in the MPS method.
The stripes were aligned along the [110] surface direction and have a lateral period 350 nm and a depth of 40 50 nm as determined by atomic force microscopy.
This method allows the crack growth rates both in the surface direction and the thickness direction to be measured in a single test.
We chose two directions of a carbon atom's drift to the surface: direction <022> (green arrow) and the way ( <overset{1}11> ) plus <222> (orange arrows) for calculation, which formed a triangle (Fig. 3a).
In principle, K 1 and K 2 can be different, but in this study they are given the same value, as there is no obvious reason to use more degrees-of-freedom for one surface direction compared to the other.
The geodesics determined by all linear combinations of v and w form a 2-manifold about P, with a definite Gaussian curvature KP v,w) at P. The real number KP v,w) measures the curvature of M at P in the "surface direction" (Riemann 1854, p. 145) fixed by v and w.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com