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Payne et al. (2014) observed that sebaceous prints on bass surface degrade more quickly in light than in dark.
In fact a linear correlation existed between the strength of the influent organic matter as BOD in the wastewater and the energy yielded from both MFCs, since the bacteria adhering to the anode surface degrade organic matter under anaerobic conditions using bacterial growth and decay kinetics (e.g. Monod reactions).
Bulk degradation, typically observed in hydrogels owing to their high water content and relatively high diffusivity, occurs when cleavable groups present throughout the bulk as well as on surface degrade simultaneously.
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The simulation runs until the surface degrades to a specific degradation threshold, which is usually set to 100%, or the point at which the substrate is not able to adsorb more enzyme particles.
Samples of 3Y-TZP have been subjected to accelerated degradation for different times and several techniques are used to analyse the surface degraded layer: Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
"First, our surface has a much stronger hydrophobic effect than the coatings, and secondly, we don't have to worry about coatings peeling off and the surface degrading over time".
In bone-associated osteoclasts, the sealing zone is essential for the degradation process, as protons and lysosomal enzymes are secreted into the sealed space between the cell and the bone surface, degrading the mineral and collagen components, respectively [25], [26].
Typically, subchondral bone advances towards the cartilage surface as the articular surface degrades [ 86].
Cytotoxicity was determined for all substances employed, that is, surface degrading agents and cross-linkers, using the resazurin assay.
Therefore, all experiments investigating combinations of cross-linking reagents with a pre-treatment with surface degrading agents were carried out under compressive load conditions.
It is known that the HA surface degrades and in some instances separates; hence, it has been a trend to substitute the coatings with roughened surface dental implants, which also incidentally presents better and faster integration.
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