Based on this, the surface carbon content for various furnace conditions could be predicted.
Due, however, to carbon contamination, it is not possible to determine a direct relationship between surface carbon content and oil-wettability.
It is found that the surface carbon content calculated by the Guttmann model is comparable with the experimental results for inert atmosphere condition, whereas a large discrepancy is observed for the conventional continuous annealing furnace atmosphere.
It is instructive to compare the RDS results with the surface and surface-near carbon content as obtained by Auger-electron spectroscopy (AES), see centre panel of Fig. 4. The AES-ratios IC/ IC + IW) were obtained using analogous annealing/cooling procedures as for the RDS measurements; the only difference was that the Auger spectra were recorded at 500 K, rather than at 1250 K as in case of RDS.
For both series (samples 1 3 and sample 4 5), strong dependence of the hydrophobicity and the specific surface or carbon content (C%) is not observed (Table 4), indicating the determining role of the morphology of the resulting material.
For three of these sites we examined the inherent differences in terrain attributes among sites, and developed quantitative soil landscape models that predict the spatial patterns in A-horizon depth, surface soil organic carbon content, and surface sand and silt content.
Low-temperature gas-phase carburization has been used to generate very high surface interstitial carbon contents, up to ∼12 at.%, in a 316L austenitic stainless steel.
Stoeger et al. (2009) recently showed that, with a slope that significantly depends on particle structure, surface, and organic carbon content, combustion-derived nanoparticles behave in a different manner in in vitro systems and when reacting with lung surface (i.e. after particle lung interaction).
XRD, SEM, surface area, and carbon content measurements were used to analyze the prepared powders.
Activated carbon materials are characterized by their large surface areas, high carbon content and better porosity which are well-developed.
The sample with Fe loaded on separated carbon without activation had low surface area, low carbon content and poor activity in n-butanol oxidation.
