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The maximal specific capacitance of 256 F g−1 and high specific surface capacitance of 0.51 F m−2 were achieved at 0.2 A g−1.
Analysis showed that the high specific surface capacitance of the resultant carbons was mainly attributed to optimized pore size (0.7 1.2 nm) and the excellent rate performance should be principally due to the reduced ion transportation distance derived from the nanometer-scaled fibers.
The supercapacitors with the carbon electrode reached maximal specific capacitances of 340 F g−1 and high specific surface capacitance of 52.7 μF cm−2 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1, good rate capability (231 F g−1 at 10 A g−1) and good cycling stability (92% capacitance retention over 3000 cycles).
This is due to the larger surface capacitance of the highly polarized ERGO surface, which was mentioned earlier in the "FESEM and EIS" section.
Higher surface capacitance of the samples in the sequence C540 C1400 can be explained by wider pore size distribution resulting in more surface accessibility.
In the work of Zang X. et al., surface capacitance of single-layer graphene electrodes is measured to be 0.10 mF/cm2, while in our work, it is measured to be 0.87 mF/cm2.
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It can be seen also that the value of surface capacitance for ERGO is nearly five times higher compared to that for GO.
We present how an engineered surface topography, specifically a cylindrical micropillar array, gives a significant enhancement of the surface capacitance compared to a flat surface of the same area.
Inside each group, correlation line intercepts zero point within experimental error and slope corresponds to the average values of the surface capacitance (see Table 4; Fig. 6b).
Changes in the pore structure and porosity increase for samples C2230, C2700 and C3060 lead to restriction of surface availability for electrolyte ions and consequently to decrease in value of the surface capacitance.
Specifically, the surface specific capacitance of the edged-graphene-sheet-covering surface was 146mF/m22, while that of the basal-planes-wrapping surface was 16 mF/m2.
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