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In particular, the "curvature" at every point of the surface can be calculated; this is the quantity that expresses to what extent and in what way the laws regulating the positions of the minute rods in the immediate vicinity of the point under consideration deviate from those of the geometry of the plane.
The surface plasmon dispersion relation for a dielectric loaded metal surface can be calculated numerically [34].
Engineering application indicates that maximum deformation of mining ground surface can be calculated and analyzed by the system.
Therefore the depth of the mud surface can be calculated by a plurality of sensors at different depth.
First, given initial tool path or tool axis trajectory surface, the grazing points of the tool envelope surface can be calculated.
The cameras obtain the images of the modulated light strip, from which the 3D information of the workpiece surface can be calculated.
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Thus, the heat transfers between the surfaces can be calculated by using the view factor.
These free surfaces can be calculated from the transfer functions using the 'generalized functional method' developed by Bortz and Shatz [10, 11].
Combining this method with a local coefficient of friction, which is determined using a mechanical threshold on the protective nature of the lubricant, and a strain related failure to model the smoothening of surfaces protected by a lubricant, the surface topography can be calculated.
Energy in an earthquake passing a particular surface site can be calculated directly from the recordings of seismic ground motion, given, for example, as ground velocity.
Surface A can be calculated according to x A ( t ) = f ( t ) cos ( t ), (17a) y A ( t ) = f ( t ) sin ( t ).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com