Shewanella are ubiquitous in surface, coastal, and deep sea water as well as in sediments such as the highly polluted Baltic Sea and the coastal area of North Atlantic (Table 1).
We found that, in accordance with previous metagenomics studies, OMZ viruses are clearly distinct from other marine viral communities, notable from the surrounding surface and deep-sea waters.
Other metagenomic studies that compared the metabolic potential of microbial communities from differing environments, e.g., agricultural soil, sea surface, and deep-sea whale carcasses, have shown noticeable differences in the enrichment of various genes that supports microbial lifestyle in their niche [4], [5].
A previous study from Foerstner et al. (2005) utilized four metagenomic data sets extracted from an equal number of radically distinct environments: Ocean surface water, farm soil, mine drainage biofilm, and deep sea whale carcass.
Comparing global sea-surface and deep-sea metagenomes revealed functional preferences delineating epi- and bathypelagic communities.
Last, global sea-surface and deep-sea metagenomes (including SCS and other oceans) were compared to identify metabolic genes discerning the epi- and bathypelagic zones.
Bezos says that F-1 rocket engines were found 14,000 feet below the surface using deep sea sonar, and he intends to raise at least one, maybe more, above sea level.
They lurk in caves during the day and emerge at night to attack surface fish as they descend and deep-sea fish as they rise to the surface.
This diverse group of microorganisms represents a part of the microbiota in all natural ecosystems, such as soils, freshwaters and marine waters from the ocean surface to the deep sea (Kutty and Philip 2008).
Spectrally, PRs can be classified into green-absorbing PRs (GPR, λmax ∼ 525 nm) and blue-absorbing PRs (BPR, λmax ∼ 490 nm), thought to be characteristic for marine bacteria living near the surface and in the deep sea, respectively.
With the use of 16S rRNA tag sequencing, the immense diversity of marine prokaryotic communities has been reported in various oceanic habitats, including sea surfaces [ 6, 7], bathypelagic zones [ 1, 8], and deep-sea hydrothermal vents [ 2].
