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We hypothesize that the surface amendments are indirectly affecting the structure of the nematode community by promoting greater plant density, thus increasing the concentration of high-quality organic matter (such as root exudates) in the soil.
A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of pen surface amendments in reducing emissions of N2O, CH4, and CO2 from feedlot manure.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of surface amendments (i.e., organic residues and biochar) in reducing emission of GHGs from feedlot manure.
Pen surface amendments for mitigating emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2), from beef cattle feedlots, were evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions.
The other important factors which potentially affected on metal sorption on the surface amendments were high CEC of each amendment (20, 22, 45.24, and 25.22 meq/100 g for RHB, MLB, RM, and SS, respectively).
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Contrary to expectations, the surface amendment treatments significantly increased bacterivorous, plant parasitic, omnivorous and predator nematode densities, but had no influence on fungi/root-tip feeding nematodes.
For the moist manure conditions, none of the amendments showed significant effects on GHG emissions during the first 8 days; at days 10 and 15 after application, however, the biochar materials performed significantly better than the control (i.e., no surface amendment) in reducing N2O and CH4 emissions.
As for the tire crumb product, several potential advantages exist in its use as a playground surface amendment.
Surface amendment of drug delivery systems with PEG has encountered increasing interest to enhance biocompatibility [ 9], increase in systemic circulation times [ 10], and change in their biodistribution [ 11].
The tire crumb product has been studied for safety in its intended use as a playground surface amendment using the methods of risk assessment, genotoxicity assays, and ecotoxicity assays.
We present here a case involving use of crumb rubber tire as a surface amendment on playgrounds as a model case where the published literature did not contain the needed answers.
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