'The Data Are Buried' Suppression of study results is a common practice in the dietary supplement industry, said Mr. Almada, the consultant.
When you also consider the suppression of negative studies (permission of sedatives in trials, replacement of non-responders, and allowance of placebo washout) by pharmaceutical companies, you may start to worry that you have been sold a bill of goods.
Although the term publication bias has been used historically to refer to the suppression of whole studies based on (the lack of) statistical significance or "interest level," a range of mechanisms can distort the published literature.
These include, in addition to the suppression of whole studies, selective reporting of outcomes or subgroups; data "massaging," such as the selective exclusion of patients from the analysis; and biases regarding timelines.
Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, for example, representing local, state and federal researchers in the U.S., have filed a legal petition to require the U.S. Department of Agriculture to adopt policies to prevent "political suppression or alteration of studies and to lay out clear procedures for investigating allegations of scientific misconduct" [ 32].
These results support the plausibility of an association between exposure to the Aberdeen pesticides dumps site and immune suppression and the potential use of herpes zoster as a marker of immune suppression in studies of environmental chemical exposures.
While these findings indicate that ANRIL is required for cell cycle progression and suppression of senescence, further studies are warranted to understand the roles of ANRIL more broadly in aging.
Critical differences may be that we study suppression of Th17 responses in vivo whereas Guo et al study these responses in vitro; that IL-27 is expressed at an earlier timepoint in our system or that we use different species.
With respect to heparin administration in an effort to increase free fatty acid availability and suppress glucose metabolism [5], the majority of the studies demonstrate suppression of physiologic uptake with heparin use [5 9], although two studies suggest the converse [10, 11].
PLD activity has been linked with promoting survival in many human cancer cell lines; and consistent with the previous studies, suppression of PLD activity in the prostate cancer cells resulted in apoptotic cell death.
