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These transcripts may indicate active ongoing transposition activity in Æ. ægypti or, more likely, they may represent regulatory elements suppressing transposition of relatively recent genome invasions.
Transposition of mobile DNA can be destructive to gene function and host organisms possess mechanisms for suppressing transposition, especially in the germline.
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Both IS elements and their hosts can encode mechanisms that suppress transposition activities [ 4, 28, 44– 44].
TE related sequences may either indicate the presence of active transposition in the tick, or more likely, the expression of sequences that are able to suppress transposition [ 38].
Natural selection favours bacterial hosts that evolve the ability to suppress transposition bursts in response to the amplified effects of deleterious mutations [ 57, 68].
In subsequent work, which involved introduction of MAGGY into a wheat strain (Br48), it was demonstrated that a siRNA-dependent mechanism that involves Dicer 2 was required to suppress MAGGY transposition [ 51].
One of the prevailing ideas posits that DNA methylation evolved mainly to suppress deleterious transpositions of repetitive elements (Yoder et al. 1997).
This is believed to suppress most of their transposition activity [9], [10].
The rate of IS transposition is often suppressed through such negative regulation [ 3].
In plants and vertebrates, DNA methylation preserves genome integrity by suppressing the transcription, and therefore, the transposition of TEs.
Although TE transposition appears to be suppressed in rice infecting strains, we suggest that M. oryzae cellular machinery allows limited TE movement enabling loss of avr genes, but at the same time utilizes small RNA silencing machinery to ensure genome integrity and avoid excessive deleterious mutations.
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