Concurrent validity has been demonstrated through high correlations with social support network associations, support appraisals, and the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (Vaux & Harrison, 1985; Vaux et al., 1987).
Incentives include introducing or improving supportive supervision, performance appraisal, responsive options for careerdevelopment and more transparent promotion processes [ 25].
Supportive supervision, performance appraisal, career development and transparent promotion have been prioritized by PHCF workers for improving the services they deliver in Tanzania.
These tools form the basis for improving management, together with monitoring and evaluation systems that link health worker performance to supportive supervision and appraisal.
Social support can be categorized into four broad types of supportive behaviors: emotional support, instrumental support, informational support, and appraisal support.
Nurses described supportive strategies: improving performance appraisals, responsive preceptorship and flexible employment options.
Their powers include exact posting and performance management such as in-service training, supportive supervision, and staff appraisal [ 12- 14].
However, even when combining teaching with an intervention encompassing the whole process of evidence-based practice (and not just critical appraisal) including supportive elements like an information service, discussion list and newsletter, there was no evidence of impact on decision-making.
Functional support can include perceived supportive relationships such as emotional support (like care, love and empathy) and social companionships but also includes instrumental, informational and appraisal support [ 26].
WHO [ 6] suggests that regular appraisal should complement supportive supervision and training to ensure workers perform at the required levels based on job descriptions.
Thus, being involved in social interactions with others and getting support from others seem to increase self-perceived health regardless of the quality of these interactions and the appraisal of the received support as hindering or supportive factor.
