We chose a minimalist paratope limited to two loops found in a natural camelid heavy-chain antibody (VHH) that binds to ribonuclease A. Ala scanning of the VHH revealed only three "hot spot" side chains and additional four residues important for supporting backbone-mediated interactions.
The SnS2 nanoflowers anchored on three dimensional porous graphene were easily constructed with nickel foam (NF) as supported backbone through the dip-coating method followed by one-step controllable hydrothermal growth and mild reduction.
Phylogenetic analyses of the 82-taxon data set, using dinoflagellates as an outgroup, resulted in a weakly supported backbone.
CAD contributed substantially to the resolved and highly supported backbone of the phylogenetic tree as evident both from PI plots and from comparing the single gene tree with the total evidence analysis.
We agree with the reviewer that the trees generally have a weakly supported backbone and that the CAD and CCR trees are likely affected by some degree of ancestral paralogy.
H N HSQC, H C HSQC, CBCA CO NH, HNCACB and HBHA CO NH data sets were collected to support backbone assignments, and (H CC CO NH, H CC)(CO NH and HCCH-TOCSY data sets were collected to support sidechain assignments.
The phylogenetic trees presented here, independently of the reconstruction method employed or the partition analyzed (from individual genes to combined data), almost unanimously recovered six principal clades and one independent lineage (Eidolon), variously joined by versions of a poorly supported backbone.
The overall topology of the phylogenetic trees based on the three different data sets (268, 422 and 473 taxa, see Analyses) is very similar and the weakly supported backbone nodes are weak in all trees (Figs. 2, 3, 4 and Additional files 12 and 13).
The relative abundance of fragment ions resulting from fatty acyl side chain loss is consistent between natural and synthetic products, supporting the backbone substituent positions.
However, the bootstrap values supporting the backbone of the MAT/MATX tree are very low, and the root position on the MATX branch was not rejected by the statistical tests.
Therefore, application services have been proposed to provide higher QoS solutions to support the backbone infrastructure in wired and wireless networks.
