The phylogenetic trees presented here, independently of the reconstruction method employed or the partition analyzed (from individual genes to combined data), almost unanimously recovered six principal clades and one independent lineage (Eidolon), variously joined by versions of a poorly supported backbone.
Phylogenetic analyses of the 82-taxon data set, using dinoflagellates as an outgroup, resulted in a weakly supported backbone.
Despite these hopes, subsequent analysis using phylogenomic datasets [ 3, 15] largely supported the backbone of the "New animal phylogeny" [ 34], but failed to resolve the phylogenetic position of many so-called problematic taxa [ 15, 35, 36].
However, the bootstrap values supporting the backbone of the MAT/MATX tree are very low, and the root position on the MATX branch was not rejected by the statistical tests.
As befits a subject who "forgets the books he has read, has no memory for dates and misplaces the momentous events in his life", Zweig's work is more of an analytical essay supported by a skeletal backbone of biography.
Whilst relationships at the tips of the tree tend to be well supported, those along the backbone of the tree (e.g. between Parasitica superfamilies) are generally not.
While they support tourism -- the backbone of the country's economy -- they do not support building a resort that will irreversibly destroy the Mesoamerican reef, the very place that tourists come to experience.
While there may not be much that he and I could agree on if we sat down to talk about how society should best support children and families, we would certainly agree that our political leaders need to do more to support families as the backbone of our economy and that we need to have real conversations about finding the best ways to educate and support all of America's children.
Thirteen major clades are resolved with strong support, although the backbone of the tree is poorly resolved.
We also conducted the same analyses on alternative topologies to control for the fact that there is little or no support for the backbone of our phylogeny, (see Fig. 5 and Methods).
