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Both IARC and the NTP scientific review panel have recently supported a causal relation between formaldehyde and acute myeloid leukemia based on new research findings (Baan et al. 2009; Beane Freeman et al. 2009; Formaldehyde Expert Panel 2009; Zhang et al. 2009); however, more research is needed to elucidate the mechanism by which formaldehyde could cause myeloid leukemia in humans.
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The evidence to support a causal relation between incretin based drugs and pancreatitis is weak.
Data in the literature strongly support a causal relation between better outcomes and improved radiotherapeutic techniques [ 3].
In summary, we find insufficient epidemiologic evidence to support a causal relation between formaldehyde exposure and leukemia, including myeloid leukemia.
This evidence supports a causal relation between HBoV1 and RTIs in children, but DNA-based PCR tests do not seem to diagnose HBoV1 infection accurately.
This second approach is proposed when the number of studies pooled is small, and there is toxicological or clinical literature to support a causal relation.
Evidence from clinical and toxicological studies supports a causal relation between exposure to PM2.5 and ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and cerebrovascular disease.
The present study adds to the evidence supporting a causal relation between arsenic exposure and heart disease with findings supported by a much larger sample size with 369 fatal and nonfatal CVD cases.
In 2008, Nachamkin et al reported that 1976 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine was capable of inducing cross reactive anti-GM1 in mice, supporting a causal relation between the vaccination and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
After examining 3 types of stroke cerebrovascular, ischemic, and hemorrhagic we conclude that the evidence supports a causal relation between PM2.5 exposure and cerebrovascular disease (strokes), particularly ischemic strokes associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5.
Although we applied a cross-sectional study design, we were able to collect reasonably valid exposure information from the time period relevant for causation of reduction in fetal growth and therefore our results support a causal relation between the exposures and the outcome of interest.
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