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We propose a hybrid coupling scheme to support interworking between UMTS and WLAN networks.
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SDRAN controller implements backward-compatible interfaces to support the interworking with legacy network entities.
For analog and ISDN circuits, no particular additions are required, but interconnection with Signaling System #7 (SS7) requires additional protocol support to transparently interwork and bridge.
Therefore, we can conclude that our proposed scheme is a novel pre-authentication scheme for IEEE 802.11 WLANs that support a 3G-WLAN interworking architecture.
As shown in Figure 1, we focus on a vehicular network with a two-hop relay structure, which is supported by the cellular/WLAN interworking.
Thus, minimizing authentication delay can greatly improve interworking performance and provide the support of seamless service in 3G/UMTS-WLAN 3G/UMTS-WLANs mobile communication networks.
Tight and integrated coupling assume interworking at the UMTS SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) level or GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) level, and at the UMTS RNC (Radio Network Controller) level, respectively.
In [7], six interworking scenarios have been identified under different supporting services and operational capabilities.
Yang and Chen[7] propose a mobile QoS framework for heterogeneous IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) interworking that reduces the service disruption time, supporting the IMS mobility based on the concept of session initiation protocol multicast.
Moreover, the MTC interworking function (MTC-IWF) is a functional entity used to support indirect and hybrid models by residing in the home public land mobile network (HPLMN).
However, the interworking is problematic.
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