In this figure, we varied the benefit supply amount and diffusion coefficient in simulations to show that spatial localization of benefits is required to generate results that are similar to experiments.
Lakshmanan (2011) showed that improved freight services lead to growing trade, followed by improved labor supply and technical diffusion.
This field modulation originates from a grain growth model introduced by a combination of alloy-hardening and pair-annihilation probabilities, wherein the Cu supply and Na diffusion together screen the driving force of the grain boundary motion (GBM) by alloy hardening, which indicates a specific GBM pinning by Cu and Na.
If reacting gases flow in the same direction as the neighboring main channels, the under-rib convection shows a flow from the main channels to the sub-channels which not only reduces pressure drop but also enhances uniform gas supply and water diffusion.
Coronary arterioles and capillary structures were concurrently produced with myocytes, tending to preserve blood supply and oxygen diffusion to the surrounding cells.
Obviously, initiation of differentiation only took place in an environment, which was characterized by limitation of oxygen supply and simultaneous diffusion limitation of paracrine and autocrine factors.
The energy-level pinning originates from the proposed grain growth model wherein the Cu supply and the Na diffusion both contribute to the grain growth by a combination of alloy-hardening and pair-annihilation events that occur between grain boundaries.
At the same time, due to sufficient precursor supply and high atomic diffusion rate, it was easier to grow large-area WS2 single domains (~ 200 μm) on substrate A. In contrast, for substrate B placed at the downstream, the lower temperature resulted in a reduced supersaturation of the precursor, which easily brought about more nuclei appearing on the substrate.
This finding may help explain why some supply chain information system adoption and diffusion results are not successful [35].
Regenerating tissue over 100 200 µm exceeds the capacity of nutrient supply and waste removal by diffusion, and thus requires an intimate supply of vascular networks [1], [2].
