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In each supplier, production times of different types of semi-finished products are different, but production of those semi-finished products should be started at the same time if they are in the same process batch, although they may be completed at different times.
In this chain, customer demand, and the supplier, production, and casting capacities are considered as uncertain parameters of the chain.
In this model, coordination of pricing and ordering decisions simultaneously with considering a finite supplier production rate and lost sales inventory system, is investigated.
The second two terms, the NG production costs (C g ) of the supplier production g for block k of stage t (W g kt ) and costs of unsupplied gas (CUG) for gas shortage at bus n for block k of stage t (SG n kt ) respectively.
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The nature of the logistic decisions is tactical that encompasses procurement of raw materials from suppliers, production of finished product at factories, distribution of finished product to retailers via DCs, and the storage of raw materials and end product at factories and DCs.
This paper aims at multi-objective optimization of single-product for four-echelon supply chain architecture consisting of suppliers, production plants, distribution centers (DCs) and customer zones (CZs).
This study contributes to the existing literature by incorporating uncertainty in customer demand, suppliers, production, and casting capacity.
The problem considered in this study is a design of a single commodity supply chain network, including suppliers, production facilities and customers.
Optimized strategies were proposed, including improving public acceptance, strengthening the design process, reforming the module suppliers' production mode, and establishing the Standardized Module System.
Agile supply chain includes companies such as suppliers, production centers, and distribution centers, which are legally separate but, in terms of operations, are linked together by forward-flow materials and feedback information.
This study endeavoured to present a development of a green supply chain network model under uncertainty of parameters such as customer demand as well as suppliers, production, and casting capacity.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com