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Measurement bias was minimised by assuring that field technicians doing the hearing tests and examinations were blinded to the original supplementation assignment of each community.
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The trial supplementation group assignment was not associated with IGF measures (P>0.30, each) or kidney cancer (P=0.85) (data not shown).
Following supplementation, self-assignments decreased in all but Union River and Hamma Hamma River, but the decrease was not significant (Student's paired t-test, P = 0.054).
Strengths of the study were the individual random assignment, supervised supplementation, menstrual period monitoring combined with ultrasound to date pregnancies, and standardized measurements of glucose tolerance during pregnancy.
All participants and study personnel were masked to the association of the odd/even assignment and supplementation order; this masking remained in effect until the end of the study.
To investigate whether fish sampled from the same tributary were more or less likely to be genetically similar to each other following supplementation, we used self-assignment tests in GeneClass2 (Piry et al. 2004).
We tested for differences in percentage of assignments to home collection before and after supplementation using paired Student's t-tests.
Table 1 presents the general characteristics of participants according to their assignment to either the fish oil or soy oil supplementation groups.
However, genetic distances within the metapopulation decreased and assignments back to collection of origin decreased following supplementation, suggesting higher gene flow within the metapopulation and lower genetic drift in subpopulations.
Data from Japanese women from Japan who are on temporary assignment in the United States, illustrate low levels of knowledge about prenatal folic acid supplementation and resistance to take supplements.[ 28] A potential limitation of this study is selection bias.
Because recruitment took place over several years, and we aimed to start supplementation quickly after recruitment to give as much time as possible on supplementation before pregnancy, random assignment was carried out in batches after every 1 3 recruitment camps.
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