The signals at the phragmoplast decreased during subsequent cell divisions (Supplementary Movie 3).
Dry mass of the control cell patch increased 3-fold within 48 h, whereas cells treated with LB226692 OMVs showed no divisions (Supplementary Video 1) and no gain of dry mass (Fig. 7b).
Control cells displayed regular cell divisions (Supplementary Video 1) resulting in an increase of the cell-covered area, cell density and cell layer thickness between 0 and 48 h (Fig. 7a, left panel).
These results are consistent with our observation that tbc-3b but not tbc-3a is expressed in seam cells during the S4 divisions (Supplementary Figure 4).
To confirm this, inheritance of endogenous Par3 protein was also analysed using immunocytochemistry and the apical cell was again found to inherit most of this protein (36/36 A/B divisions; supplementary Fig S4B online).
Based on a 50% (0.33 log10) decline in H2B-GFP levels with every cell division (supplementary material Fig. S2F,G), ∼40% of the SC pool undergoes ∼2 divisions (LRCs), whereas the remainder undergo ∼4 divisions (nonLRCs) between E16.5 and P1.
aPKC inhibition does not prevent cell division (supplementary material Movies 5, 6); however, there is an increase in the apoptosis:cell-division ratio that affects the expansion of the PrE (Fig. 4G).
The embryonic DCL comprised 100 120 relatively small cells (Fig. 2b) that doubled their number after a round of asynchronous cell division (Supplementary Fig. 1a) and progressively increased the mean distance with their immediate neighbours (Fig. 2d; Supplementary Fig. 1b).
During this period, the extra-embryonic EVL contained 50 60 polygonal-shape cells of variable size that progressively expanded their surface area (Fig. 2b) without events of cell division (Supplementary Movie 1).
To avoid a biased estimate of aneuploidy due to the limited number of sequenced nuclei, we observed microscopically three aspects of chromosome instability: chromosome deletion, duplication, and lagging during cell division (Supplementary Fig. 7) at the meiotic stage by using three fluorescent markers on chromosomes 2, 4 and 6.
In addition, we noted higher Chop levels in proliferating transferred Pmel T cells from gp10025 33-vaccinated mice (activation-driven T cell proliferation) compared to non-vaccinated cohorts (homeostatic T cell division) (Supplementary Figp10025 33-vaccinatede increased expression of Chop under activation-induced CD8+ T cell proliferation.
