Overall, the results of these studies provide some guidance for clinicians, but, at present, practitioners should view these instruments as supplemental resources rather than benchmarks for assessment.
The YSO owns three upright basses, a bass trombone, and supplemental woodwind instruments (e-flat clarinet, bass clarinet and English horn).
In response to the growing interest in conceptual assessments in biology (e.g., D'Avanzo, 2008), we provide the completed ODCA (Supplemental Material) as another validated instrument that can be used to assess students' comprehension (Chi and Roscoe, 2002) in order to improve both instructional effectiveness and curriculum design, as well as to aid programmatic assessment efforts.
Additional criteria assessed by each instrument are listed in Supplemental Material, Table S1.
The specific risk of bias instrument is provided in Supplemental Material, "Instructions for Making Risk of Bias Determinations".
Like the Draw-A-Plant instrument, the surveys (see Supplemental Material) were previously tested and validated in a study with a similar population (Anderson et al., 2013).
These supplemental data points are the economist's "instrument". In a widely cited 1991 study, Angrist and economist Alan Krueger of Princeton scrutinized the education-earnings connection by using dates of birth as an instrumental variable.
Additional supplemental raw MS/MS spectra from the same instrument were used for validation.
The resulting data collection instrument is available in the Supplemental Material (http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103578).org/10.1289/ehp.1103578
The VNOS-C is the open-ended instrument used in this study (Supplemental Material; Lederman et al., 2002).
