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It comprised the following main parts: (a) a variable-rate controlled direct current motor (DCM) as seed metering shaft driver, (b) two digital encoders for sensing the rotational speed of supplemental ground wheel (SGW) and seed metering shaft and (c) a control box to handle and process the data of the unit.
Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein cows were used in a 6-wk completely randomized block design trial with a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of feeding different proportions of corn silage and ryegrass silage with supplemental ground corn (GC), steam-flaked corn (SFC), and hominy feed (HF) on the performance of lactating dairy cows.
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Not surprisingly, the hunt areas with the highest seroprevalence in 1991 were those that contained supplemental feeding grounds.
The supplemental feeding grounds are intended to prevent the movement of elk onto agricultural land and thus minimize contact between elk and cattle during winter.
One of the analysis units (HA 97 & 98) included three supplemental feeding grounds where managers have been testing and removing seropositive elk beginning in 2006.
Areas with supplemental feeding grounds for elk had higher seroprevalence in 1991 than other regions, but by 2009 many areas distant from the feeding grounds were of comparable seroprevalence.
The first dataset consisted of elk blood samples collected by hunters from 1991 to 2008 across Wyoming, and the second dataset consisted of elk captured for research and management purposes on supplemental feeding grounds from 1993 to 2009.
Hunt areas 97 and 98 showed a strong decrease in seroprevalence from 2006 to 2009 that is coincident with a WGFD test-and-remove program of seropositive elk on three supplemental feeding grounds (Fig. 5C and S5).
Several supplemental feeding grounds were located near hunt area boundaries and we did not have the data necessary to confidently assign the elk captured on those feeding grounds to hunt areas where they would most likely be located during the hunting season.
Brucellosis seroprevalence in elk using supplemental feeding grounds in winter varies from 10 35% [15], [16], while unfed elk populations around the GYE historically had brucellosis seroprevalence values of 2 4% [17], and brucellosis was not known to persist in elk populations outside the GYE [18].
We showed that the seroprevalence of brucellosis in Wyoming elk is increasing in some regions where elk are not artificially aggregated onto supplemental feeding grounds and these increases in seroprevalence are correlated with elk densities at the hunt area scale (Fig. 2 and S2).
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