In the United States, replacing a large percentage of the roughly 235 million cars, light trucks and sport utility vehicles with all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids (which have a supplemental gasoline engine) would make a big dent in gasoline consumption, currently about 380 million gallons a day.
Because of inherent inefficiency of turbines at low speeds, all of the ships were equipped with supplemental cruising engines for travel at speeds under 15 knots.
Getting rid of the supplemental gas hybrid engine could offset the production of surplus batteries.
The system combines a gas engine, supplemental heat exchangers and an ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system.
All except were equipped with supplemental triple-expansion reciprocating engines:,, and each had a pair of reciprocating engines for cruising; and were outfitted with only one.
One of the commonly used rapid catalyst aging tests is an exothermal aging cycle, which involves a combination of fuel-rich engine operation and supplemental air injection to generate high-temperature lean conditions within the catalyst bed.
Air temperatures are typically in excess of 526 °C (979 °F); however, at engine start-up, supplemental heating of the cylinders is sometimes employed, since the temperature of the air within the cylinders is determined by both the engine's compression ratio and its current operating temperature.
In the Volt's case, the engine can also provide supplemental mechanical torque.
Operating the engine with gasoline with supplemental alcohol fuel injection at high load is an effective means of suppressing knock.
In order to make this system even more resilient, we could add a supplemental generator, such as a gas- or biomass-powered microturbine or engine running in CHP mode (where waste heat is captured and used for space heating).
A drop in battery voltage awakens the diesel engines, which send energy to the battery pack and provide supplemental energy to spin the motors.
