Additional file 1: Supplemental descriptions of methods, statistical modeling, results of subgroups, discussion of the importance of the metabolites and protein mediators of interest (biomarkers) identified, and supplemental references.
Cohort population characteristics and CIMT measurements are summarized in Supplemental Material, "Description of cohorts and Carotid-Intima Media Thicollectiona collection".
Details of these monitors are given in the Supplemental Material, "Description of ground-level monitor sources from established networks".
Detailed information regarding the imputation process and a list of the variables used is provided in Supplemental Material, "Description of the Imputation Procedure".
Nineteen cohorts from 12 countries across Europe were selected (Table 1 and Figure 1; see also Supplemental Material "Description of each cohort and study area").
We produced satellite-derived PM2.5 surface area estimates for interpretation of the dust- and sea salt free PM2.5 estimates following a similar approach as PM2.5 mass concentrations, except that the GEOS Chem model was used to relate AOD to surface area, rather than to mass (see Supplemental Material, "Description of satellite-derived PM2.5 surface area").
Supplemental RIASEC descriptions in large-scale educational and labor market assessments allows to connect observed social-emotional skill levels with required skill levels as described in O*NET, comparing educational output with labor market requirements.
Power calculations for these analyses are described in the Supplemental Material, Detailed description of omics techniques to be used in HELIX, pp. 4 6, and Table S1.
data availability: the ToxCast data sets, including descriptions, supplemental data and associated publications are available from the U.S. EPA ToxCast website.
See Supplemental Material, "Cohort descriptions" and "Biochemical measurements," for further information on the cohorts, as well as the methods for estimating CRP and fibrinogen.
