In one of the most overt examples of racial bias, a supervisor sent a sample report for trespassing arrests to a sergeant and patrol officer with many blanks to be filled in, "including the arrest data and location and the suspect's name and address, but does not include a prompt to fill in the race or gender of the arrestee.
The local supervisor has a higher bias against liquidation (supervisory capture) and a lower cost of getting local information (proximity).
In this case, having a more biased (local) supervisor could be better than having a less biased (central) supervisor, so the region in the parameter space where decentralized supervision dominates becomes larger.
In order to minimize the possibility of bias, all supervisors had received two hours of instruction about the questionnaire and were standardized in answering any of the students' questions if explanations were needed.
Although evaluation of service quality is based on national standards and protocols, varying perceptions of quality among supervisors may have biased the completion of the checklist.
Moreover, to simplify the presentation I will assume that the central supervisor does not have a bias against early liquidation, so (delta _{c}=0).
Tribal leaders and county supervisors haven't met to discuss Camp 4 — the tribe says it's a sign of local officials' bias, while some supervisors say the tribe hasn't given enough specifics.
This is the bias that causes supervisors to be influenced by initial and often incorrect estimates of salary levels for their employees.
Hierarchical supervision is the optimal institutional design when the bias of the local supervisor is high but not too high and the costs of getting local information from the center are low but not too low.
The results show that hierarchical supervision dominates decentralized supervision when the bias of the local supervisor is high and the costs of getting local information from the center are low.
This requires that the bias of the local supervisor is high but not too high and the costs of getting local information from the center are low but not too low.
