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Individuals seek out sub and relational group membership because solely identifying at the superordinate level may not provide optimal distinctiveness or sufficient interpersonal attachment to other consumers.
Results confirm assertions by previous researchers in LIS and other fields that groups of images are labeled using more superordinate level terms while individual image descriptions are mainly at the basic level.
The latter aggregates components based on a semantic based on superordinate level, i.e., Gr_component.
The overall classification rate is 79.43% considering the fifteen basic classes, 97.48% considering the superordinate level of description Natural versus Artificial, and 94.5% considering the superordinate level of description In versus Out.
Several studies in Computer Vision have considered the problem of discriminating between classes at superordinate level of description.
In [31] the overall classification rate was 75.07% considering the ten basic classes (Accuracy is 14% less than the ones obtained using SVM on the same dataset)., 90.06% considering the superordinate level of description In versus Out, and 93.4% considering the superordinate level of description Natural versus Artificial.
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Figure 6 Some examples of images used in our experiments considering basic and superordinate levels of description.
Adopting a "branching approach," the CEFR describes finer distinctions within the three superordinate levels (A, basic; B, independent; and C, proficient) so that "the relatively small gains in language proficiency made within language programmes (achievement) can be captured and reported" (Green et al. 2012, p. 48).
Superordinate levels were then considered as abstract generalizations of basic level representations and subordinate levels as perceptually less inclusive categories.
They were thus considerably longer than in the superordinate A/nA tasks; globally, subjects were 40 ms slower to categorize birds as birds and 65 ms slower to categorize dogs as dogs, even though they were processing the same sets of images at both basic and superordinate levels.
The first element came from Murphy & Wisniewski [10], who reported that the speed advantage of basic over superordinate levels was reduced -although still present- when objects were presented in full scenes instead of the frequently used isolated objects on a neutral background.
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