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In terms of the testing machine, a fixed inferior frame with loads applied to the unconstrained superior frame was the most common apparatus described.
Conversely, mass pulley systems connected to a free superior frame with a fixed bottom intuitively represent the muscle interactions but may not be the best representation for torso mechanics and shear forces in the lumbar spine.
Torque application is used to simulate the motions of the spine and is often delivered from custom made equipment, which mainly consists of a superior frame and an inferior frame, actuators (or weights), and load cells.
Similar(57)
Results indicated that, ceteris paribus, gain frames were superior to loss frames in increasing positive attitudes towards climate change mitigation, and also increased the perceived severity of climate change impacts.
When compression is done prior to SR, we have shown that difference-frame compression is superior to individual-frame compression.
Results indicate that SBO can develop superior low-weight frame designs when compared to other optimization methods and improves computational efficiency in solving discrete variable structural optimization problems.
These infilled frames exhibited superior seismic performance to the bare frame in terms of strength and energy dissipation capacity.
Compared to conventional steel moment frames, a PT steel frame demonstrates superior seismic performance, notably the minimum damages in main structural components and the self-centering capability under a design basis earthquake.
In addition, the priority of I frame is superior to one of P and B frames.
Computer simulations show that, compared to conventional approaches, the proposed JVSS algorithm has significantly higher accuracy in data detection, superior capabilities in signal frame synchronization and is robust against bandlimited channel distortion.
Stakeholders thus have a vested interest in promoting a particular frame as superior [ 21].
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