(M – P ) Well-developed branches persisted as superficial projections, there was no continuity between the conducting tissue system of the branch and the gametophore axis.
Superficial cortical projection neurons are mostly produced by SVZ IPs and express the transcription factors Mef2c (Leifer et al., 1993) and Cux1 (Nieto et al., 2004).
A pathway from one circuit may relay focal information to the middle cortical layers, and a pathway from a parallel circuit may mediate complex modulatory interactions through widespread superficial layer projections.
A core thalamic system of PV+ neurons acts as a relay, and a CB+ matrix appears to be engaged in intrathalamic corticocortical communication through widespread projections to superficial cortical layers [19].
Small tracer injections that were largely restricted to the NTS have been shown to label significant numbers of lamina I cells (Menétrey and de Pommery, 1991) and ascending projections from superficial dorsal horn to NTS have been identified (Slugg and Light, 1994; Raboisson et al., 1996).
First, flow projection artifact from superficial blood vessels to deeper tissue levels prevents us from separately measuring superficial and deep ONH flow.
Thalamorecipience was not the primary criterion, but rather one of the multiple circuit-level criteria (also including a largely unidirectional projection to the superficial cortical layers; a paucity of inputs from other cortical areas; and a paucity of long-range cortical outputs), which are enumerated the Abstract and elsewhere, and established experimentally in subsequent figures.
In barrel and other sensory cortices in rodents, L4 is characterized by strong input from primary thalamus, an extensive and largely unidirectional projection to the superficial cortical layers, a paucity of inputs from other cortical areas, and a paucity of long-range cortical outputs (Petersen, 2007; Svoboda et al., 2010; Feldmeyer, 2012).
Skin projections of the superficial temporal artery and its frontal branches were marked using Doppler ultrasonography.
We compared filopodia dynamics in Lis1 +/+ and Lis1 +/− fluorescently labelled layer V pyramidal neurons, whose projections extend to superficial lamina in the mouse barrel cortex, using transcranial two-photon microscopy (Grutzendler et al, 2002; Yang et al, 2010).
