The excess Gibbs energy of a polymer solution is expressed as a sum of contributions of a combinatorial and a residual excess Gibbs energy term.
In reality, these functions are the fuzzy sum of contributions to the energy use of the design parameters applied according to the design matrix.
The dose equivalent is a weighted sum of contributions from neutrons, protons, light ions, medium ions and heavy ions using the ICRP-60 LET dependent quality factors.
As a result, the basic kinetic equation may be presented as a sum of contributions coming from RERs involving only terminal species, i.e., overall RERs.
The method is based on the assumption that the electronic charge density of a large system is the sum of contributions of individual atoms, so called charge density motifs, that are obtained from calculations of small prototype systems.
The excess Gibbs energy of a polymer electrolyte solution is expressed as a sum of contributions of a combinatorial, a long-range and a short-range excess Gibbs energy term.
Radiation from a large earthquake is the sum of contributions from all subfaults with proper time delays, each of which acts as a small independent double-couple point source.
The final form of the exact analytical solution is a sum of contributions corresponding to the rays of the generalized ray theory; little computational effort need be developed for evaluating each contribution.
Namely, starting from general thermodynamic relations, the basic kinetic equation is shown to be identically transformed so as to be decomposable into a sum of contributions originating from a finite and unique set of reactions called response reactions (RERs).
The authors add observational estimates of upper-ocean thermal expansion to other contributions to sea-level rise, and find that the sum of contributions from 1961 to 2003 is in good agreement with their updated estimate of near-global mean sea level.
