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CET4 reading and writing together accounted for 40.2% of the total variance in summary writing.
Table 7 Correlation between language abilities and summarization performance CET4 reading CET4 writing Summary writing CET4 reading 1.000 CET4 writing.389 1.000 Summary writing.411.605 1.000 n = 60; **Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
However, regression analyses also showed English writing ability can significantly predict summary writing performance, yet English reading cannot.
For writing strategies, the highest rated variable was strategy 48 (identify topic sentence of paragraph) which was considered the most efficient strategy by participants in summary writing.
Hence, these findings call for attention from test writers who might want to use different text types when designing equivalent summary writing tasks in a test. .
Overall, the model can significantly predict summary writing performance, and English reading and writing together accounted for 40.2% of the total variance in the model.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com