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Objectives: To compare meta-analysis of summary study level data with the equivalent individual patient data (IPD) analysis when interest lies in identification of binary patient characteristics related to treatment efficacy.
Levi published in 2002 a summary study, including the RADIUS study and the EUROFETUS study.
Within the investigation summary, study impact is assessed by the study director.
Similar results from face-to face surveys in the United Kingdom and telephone surveys in Canada and Japan were included in the summary study.
In summary, study findings demonstrate that consumer product perceptions can be influenced by elements of cigarette design, such as the color of tipping paper used on the filter tip.
Annual telephone surveys conducted for the Woodrow Wilson center starting in 2006, some of which were included in the summary study, report that in 2006 and 2007, 42% of respondents (n = ~ 1000 in all years) said they had heard nothing about nanotechnology.
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In summary, studies indicate that DM alters bone modeling in periodontium surrounding the tooth.
In summary, studies looking at the rates of progression of isolated MVT have shown conflicting results.
The OMB recommends summary studies comply with recommendations to independently assess small numbers of selected racial groups (Burhansstipanov 2000).
Alternative approaches to dealing with missing within-study correlations when IPD is not available include: i) using the observed correlation from the summary study-specific effects [ 12], ii) eliciting information about the correlations from external sources such as clinical experts [ 14] and iii) specifying 'vague' prior distributions for analysis conducted within a Bayesian framework [ 6].
In summary, studies show effects on knowledge.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com