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The differences between the median values (across of all samples) of the summary signals for each consecutive CNV class are also stored.
We applied an integrative functional ad-hoc analysis method to gene-level summary signals (median core probe sets or PLIER signal estimates [10], [20]).
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For each CNV and each individual a summary signal (e.g median) is calculated when more than one marker is present at the locus of interest.
The following procedure is applied to the summary signal: Naïve CN Class Detection: A Gaussian mixture model with number of components (n.comp) = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is fitted to the data.
Summary: Signaling pathways provide essential information on complex regulatory processes within the cell.
As for the exon array data, UCSC processed the raw signal intensity with a quantile normalization method and generated the summary signal using the PLIER algorithm [ 34].
In summary, signaling through β1 and β4 has been shown to be responsible for resistance to different therapeutic strategies including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and targeted therapies.
In summary, signal transduction by resveratrol was enhanced by ICI, and the action on MAPK activation by E2 alone was inhibited by ICI.
Table 1 Summary of signals and changes prior to phreatic eruptions Volcano and dates Observed signal (s) Elapsed time between first appearance of signal and eruption Date of eruption Eruption type Eruption forecast?
In summary, the signals in the first intron indicate some important regulatory events in this region.
In summary, oscillating signals can be useful resources for gene regulation analysis.
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