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The summary effect measure of effectiveness of the vaccines included clinical and laboratory diagnosis of flu cases.
Despite or perhaps owing to its idiosyncrasies, its attenuations, light touch, and fragmented form, the book has a summary effect.
Summary effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
Thus the summary effect is the estimate of this common effect size.
A random-effects model calculated a small summary effect size of 0.039 955% confidence interval −0.013 to 0.092).
The magnitude of the summary effect was large and significant (r = .52), indicating a robust relationship between these two phenomena.
The tables report the summary effect (namely the random estimate), the 95% lower and upper limits for the summary effect, the values of the Cochran's Q test and the Higgin's index I 2 [35] 35], p-values and Z-values.
Relative risk (RR) and 95%% confidence interval (CI) were used as the summary effect for a binary outcome, and the standardized mean difference and 95 % CI were used as the summary effect of a continuous outcome.
The aim of meta-analyses may be to obtain a summary effect size, or to understand factors that affect effect sizes.
114 reports and 115 independent effect sizes yielded a summary effect size of d = − .20 (SE = .039, p < .001) under the random effects model.
Our suggestion is that one should only include studies that are not at high risk of inherent bias when calculating a summary effect size.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com