Countries that have prosecuted former officials exhibit lower levels of torture, summary execution, forced disappearances and political imprisonment.
"There have been serious allegations of human rights violations committed by the Malian army, including summary executions and disappearances, in Sevare, Mopti, Niono and other towns close to the areas where fighting has occurred.
The payments grow out of judgments in 1994 and 1995 worth nearly $2 billion in United States District Court in Hawaii, where Marcos died in exile, that found his estate liable for torture, summary executions and disappearances.
The top human rights official at the United Nations also released a report that accused Mr. Assad's government of committing atrocities in its repression of the uprising, including summary executions and disappearances, and recommended that the Security Council refer the evidence to the International Criminal Court.
Unofficially, outside the capital, all the trappings of the state of emergency - curfews, internment, search-and-destroy operations and, according to human rights organisations, torture, disappearances and summary executions - continue.
It said "serious human rights violations" including disappearances, torture, summary killings and threats to free expression persisted in Sri Lanka, despite the end to the bloody separatist war with Tamil Tiger rebels in 2009.
Whether occupying forces themselves use torture, "disappearance" or summary execution -- the usual dirty war tools -- or subcontract these tasks to Iraqis, international law flatly prohibits such brutality.
The rights group said that predominantly Shi'ite Muslim militias, known collective as the Hashid Shaabi, were using weapons from Iraqi military stockpiles to commit war crimes including enforced disappearances, torture and summary killings.
The investigation by the UN's independent international commission found patterns of summary execution, arbitrary arrest, enforced disappearance and torture, including sexual violence and abuse, some of it directed against children.
Based on interviews with 223 victims and witnesses, the report documented what it described as "patterns of summary execution, arbitrary arrest, enforced disappearance, torture, including sexual violence, as well as violations of children's rights".
