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Figure 3 summarises risk of bias judgements across included studies and full details of review authors' judgements and support for judgements are provided for each study in 'Risk of bias' tables in Characteristics of included studies.
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The group with the lowest total summarised risk points and the group with lowest summarised risk points for biological risk markers had a significant lower risk for cancer compared with the group with the highest summarised risk points.
The groups with lowest summarised total risk points and lowest separate summarised risk points for lifestyle and biological risk markers had a significantly lower risk for fatal and non-fatal CVD, compared with the groups with highest summarised risk points.
The group with the lowest summarised total risk points had a significantly lower risk for CVD and cancer compared with the group with the highest summarised risk points.
As explanatory variables biological and lifestyle factors as well as summarised risk points, calculated from the health profile, were used.
The risk points for lifestyle and biological risk makers were also divided in the groups with summarised risk points 3 5, 6 8 and 9 14, respectively.
Summarising risk estimates from high-quality studies strengthened the inverse association between physical activity and renal cancer risk (RR=0.78; 95% CI=0.66 0.92).
The participants were divided in three groups based on summarised risk points from lifestyle (smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption) and biological risk markers (body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, serum cholesterol) selected from the health profile.
26 Evaluation for a summarised risk for major bleeding complications among these studies has been challenging because of the marked variation in study protocol and endpoint definition (table 2).
Table 3 summarises relative risk estimates for selected non-radiation risk factors.
Table 2 summarises the risk of a caesarean section associated with the maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors studied.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com